The majority of the Catholic Levantines (Turkish: Levanten) in Istanbul and Izmir are the descendants of traders/colonists from the Italian maritime republics of the Mediterranean (especially Genoa and Venice) and France, who obtained special rights and privileges called the Capitulations from the Ottoman sultans in the 16th century. The tale is also related by Stephanus of Byzantium, and Eustathius. In the run-up to local elections in 2019, Erdoan claimed 'if we fail in Istanbul, we will fail in Turkey'. [310] The O-7[311] or Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu, is a motorway that bypass Istanbul to the north. Constantinople definition, former name of Istanbul. Under the conditions of the treaty, all of Eastern Thrake and the whole region of Asia Minor around the city of Smyrna would be given over directly to Greece and much of what is now northeastern Turkey would be given over directly to Armenia. [44], Constantine the Great effectively became the emperor of the whole of the Roman Empire in September 324. [80], The Ottoman Empire joined World War I (19141918) on the side of the Central Powers and was ultimately defeated. [317] Trams in Istanbul date back to 1872, when they were horse-drawn, but even the first electrified trams were decommissioned in the 1960s. [180] There are today 50,000 to 70,000 Armenians in Istanbul[181] down from a peak of 164,000 in 1913. I suspect that a substantial number of people living in the regions that proponents of the Megali Idea wanted to claim for Greece didnt really want to be ruled by Greece. [h], The Sinan Erdem Dome, among the largest indoor arenas in Europe, hosted the final of the 2010 FIBA World Championship, the 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships, as well as the 201112 Euroleague and 201617 EuroLeague Final Fours. [147] The Municipal Council is advised by the Metropolitan Executive Committee, although the committee also has limited power to make decisions of its own. See. World War I broke out in July 1914. See the Toponomy section of this article, or. Devotion to Hecate was especially favored by the Byzantines for her aid in having protected them from the incursions of Philip of Macedon. Making the Distant Past Relevant to the Present Day. [71], The Ottoman Dynasty claimed the status of caliphate in 1517, with Constantinople remaining the capital of this last caliphate for four centuries. View all posts by Spencer McDaniel. Byzantium ( / bzntim, - m /) or Byzantion ( Ancient Greek: ) was an ancient Greek city in classical antiquity that became known as Constantinople in late antiquity and Istanbul today. When and Why was Constantinople renamed 'Istanbul'? The 47-hectare (120-acre) park was later owned by Khedive Ismail Pasha of Ottoman Egypt and Sudan in the 19th century. Among Turkey's first private stations, and the first featuring foreign popular music, was Istanbul's Metro FM (97.2 FM). [20], The name stanbul (Turkish pronunciation:[istanbu] (listen), colloquial Turkish pronunciation:[stambu]) is commonly held to derive from the Medieval Greek phrase " " (pronounced Greek pronunciation:[is tim bolin]), which means "to the city"[21] and is how Constantinople was referred to by the local Greeks. ", Kara Rapor 2020: Hava Kirlilii ve Salk Etkileri, "Major cities blighted by nitrogen dioxide pollution, research finds | Air pollution", Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 14531924, Website of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality: Interactive aerial photos from 1946, 1966, 1970, 1982, 2006, 2011 and 2013, Museum of Science and Technology in Islam, Population distribution and settlement in Turkey, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&oldid=1162402704, Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey, Archaeological sites in the Marmara Region, Populated places established in the 7th century BC, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages semi-protected from banned users, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing Turkish-language text, Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list, Pages using infobox settlement with possible area code list, Articles with Turkish-language sources (tr), Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles containing Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023, Articles lacking reliable references from December 2020, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from August 2020, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with disputed statements from July 2021, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2023, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Pages using largest cities with nav class, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 28 June 2023, at 22:41. [353][dubious discuss]Common bottlenose dolphin (Turkish: afalina), short-beaked common dolphin (Turkish: trtak) and harbor porpoise (Turkish: mutur) make up the marine mammals presently found in the Bosporus and surrounding waters, though since the 1950s the number of dolphin observations has become increasingly rare. Consequently, a plebiscite was held in Greece and the exiled Konstantinos I was reinstated as king on 19 December 1920. ABOVE: Map of Greater Hellas, printed in 1920 or 1921, showing Greek territorial claims in Asia Minor following World War I, ABOVE: Map from Wikimedia Commons showing the actual territorial expansion of Greece from 1832 to 1947. From 1926 onwards, the Turkish post office began sending back all mail addressed to the city of stanbul by any name other thanstanbul. Upon reassuming control, Turkish forces began to slaughter the Greek and Armenian inhabitants of the city and set fire to homes and businesses owned by Greek and Armenian civilians. There are numerous ancient monuments in the city. A Brief History of Constantinople - Everything Everywhere Daily Podcast [citation needed], Between the 20052011 seasons,[268] and in the 2020 season,[269] Istanbul Park racing circuit hosted the Formula One Turkish Grand Prix. Sometime around 657 BC, though, a group of colonists from the Greek city-state of Megara came along and founded the city of (Byzntion) on the site. Istanbul is primarily known for its Byzantine and Ottoman architecture. Hours later, the sultan rode to the Hagia Sophia and summoned an imam to proclaim the Islamic creed, converting the grand cathedral into an imperial mosque due to the city's refusal to surrender peacefully. Winter precipitation is generally light, persistent and often of mixed precipitation such as rain-snow mixes and graupel; while summer precipitation is generally abrupt and sporadic. (2007) 10,757,327; (2019 est.) However, the German historians prefer to claim that Great Rome Empire has been finished by Germans in 476 so Cermans (and Vandals) are great and strong, and the state that has been finished by Turks was not Rome any more but it was Byzantion. In order to understand whystanbulbecame the official name of Constantinople, we need to talk a little bit about Greek irredentism and the relationship between Greece and the Ottoman Empire in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It was traditionally held at the Hezarfen Airfield in Istanbul. [160][161] The city's annual population growth of 1.5 percent ranks as one of the highest among the seventy-eight largest metropolises in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Winters are quite cloudy, with around 20 percent of days being sunny or partly cloudy. A golden age. Along the European side, and close to the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge, is Emirgan Park, which was known as the Kyparades (Cypress Forest) during the Byzantine period. Fall of Constantinople - Wikipedia The high quality of healthcare, especially in private hospitals, has contributed to a recent upsurge in medical tourism to Turkey (with a 40 percent increase between 2007 and 2008). [90] The threat of major earthquakes plays a large role in the city's infrastructure development, with over 500,000 vulnerable buildings demolished and replaced since 2012. When it fell, it became the new capital of the Ottoman Empire: Istanbul. What is constantinople known as today? - Answers [13], Byzantium was besieged by Greek forces during the Peloponnesian War. The Athenian military later retook the city in 408 BC, when the Spartans had withdrawn following their settlement.[14]. When did Constantinople become Istanbul? | Live Science Fall of Constantinople | Facts, Summary, & Significance [198] The city's gross domestic product adjusted by PPP stood at US$537.507 billion in 2018,[199] with manufacturing and services accounting for 36 percent and 60 percent of the economic output respectively. [40] Byzantium then continued as part of the Athenian League and its successor, the Second Athenian League, before gaining independence in 355 BCE. In the following centuries, and especially after the Tanzimat reforms, Ottoman architecture was supplanted by European styles. I put a lot of time into writing it and Im glad you appreciate my work! [125] It was originally part of an ancient Greek sacrificial tripod in Delphi that was erected to commemorate the Greeks who fought and defeated the Persian Empire at the Battle of Plataea (479 BCE). p. 236, sfn error: no target: CITEREFOxford_Business_Group2009 (. [79] A series of wars in the early 20th century, such as the Italo-Turkish War (19111912) and the Balkan Wars (19121913), plagued the ailing empire's capital and resulted in the 1913 Ottoman coup d'tat, which brought the regime of the Three Pashas. Therefore you are the legitimate Emperor of the Romans . [349], Istanbul Atatrk Airport, located 24 kilometers (15mi) west of the city center, on the European side, near the Marmara Sea coast, was formerly the city's largest airport. [354] Water pollution, overfishing and destruction of coastal habitats caused by urbanization are main threats to Istanbul's marine ecology. Constantinople was the center of Byzantine trade and culture and was incredibly diverse. The city was taken by the Persian Empire at the time of the Scythian campaign (513 BC) of King Darius I (r. 522486 BC), and was added to the administrative province of Skudra. Istanbul (/stnbl/ IST-an-BUUL,[7][8] US also /stnbl/ IST-an-buul; Turkish: stanbul [istanbu] (listen)), formerly known as Constantinople[b] (Greek: ; Latin: Constantinopolis; Ottoman Turkish: ), is the largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, cultural and historic hub. Latin Empire 12041261 Byzantine Empire: Map, history and facts | Live Science Apart from the city's numerous stadiums, sports halls and concert halls, there are several open-air venues for concerts and festivals, such as the Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre in Harbiye, Paraf Kurueme Open-Air on the Bosphorus shore in Kurueme, and Parkorman in the forest of Maslak. While it is true that most Greeks no longer think of reclaiming Constantinople today it is still a case of what would/should have been. The O-1 forms the city's inner ring road, traversing the 15 July Martyrs (First Bosphorus) Bridge, and the O-2 is the city's outer ring road, crossing the Fatih Sultan Mehmet (Second Bosphorus) Bridge. [125] The lower part of the obelisk was damaged in antiquity, probably during its transport to Alexandria in 357 CE or during its re-erection at the Hippodrome of Constantinople in 390 CE. The Historical Memory of Constantinople, 567 Years After the Fall [294][295] Capacity declined until the power station reached the end of its economic life and shut down in 1983. [125] The most ancient is the Obelisk of Thutmose III (Obelisk of Theodosius). [146] Since the government operates under a "powerful mayor, weak council" approach, the council's leaderthe metropolitan mayorhas the authority to make swift decisions, often at the expense of transparency. [227] When additional universities and art journals were founded in Istanbul during the 1980s, artists formerly based in Ankara moved in. Even though all the people in this land under the rule of Rome named their state as Rome and themselves Roman for many centuries, the name of Rome is hidden in here. On May 29, 1453, the city was conquered by the Ottoman Turks, and again became the capital of a powerful state, the Ottoman Empire. [343] Once all phases are completed in 2025, the airport will have six sets of runways (eight in total), 16 taxiways, and will be able to accommodate 200million passengers a year. Where Was Constantinople Located? - WorldAtlas [134] After several hundred years of royal residence, it was abandoned in 1853 in favor of the baroque Dolmabahe Palace. [84] On 29 October 1923 the Grand National Assembly of Turkey declared the establishment of the Turkish Republic, with Ankara as its capital. Sephardic Jews settled in the city after their expulsion from Spain and Portugal in 1492 and 1497. [5][6] Ancient Greek legend refers to the Greek king Byzas, the leader of the Megarian colonists and founder of the city. Imagine Italy without Rome, France without Paris, England without London, USA without New York. The high population growth mirrors an urbanization trend across the country, as the second and third fastest-growing OECD metropolises are the Turkish cities of Izmir and Ankara. [294] The state-run Turkish Electrical Authority (TEK) brieflybetween its founding in 1970 and 1984held a monopoly on the generation and distribution of electricity, but now the authoritysince split between the Turkish Electricity Generation Transmission Company (TEA) and the Turkish Electricity Distribution Company (TEDA)competes with private electric utilities. Bulgaria wasnt happy with its spoils, though, so, in June 1913, the Second Balkan War broke out, with Greece, Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro on one side and Bulgaria on the other. . In June 2021, a marine mucilage wave allegedly caused by water pollution spread to Sea of Marmara.[363]. [187] Sympathetic to the plight of Sephardic Jews, Bayezid II sent out the Ottoman Navy under the command of admiral Kemal Reis to Spain in 1492 in order to evacuate them safely to Ottoman lands. The Caalolu street on which the newspaper was printed, Bb- li Street, rapidly became the center of Turkish print media, alongside Beyolu across the Golden Horn.