[52][53] Western Samoa, the first small-island country in the Pacific to become independent, signed a Treaty of Friendship with New Zealand later in 1962. [32] Some Samoans asked that the rule of the islands be transferred to the Americans or the British.[32]. Samoa has a population of 193,000 people, capital and largest city is Apia, official languages are Samoan and English. Ina, the sign of the imperative, is accented on the ultima; na, the sign of the subjunctive, on the penultima. In The Vinyl Ain't Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture, ed. [104] It is expected that 70 people will die and up to 6,500 people will be infected. [59], In 2002, New Zealand prime minister Helen Clark formally apologised for New Zealand's role in the Spanish influenza outbreak in 1918 that killed over a quarter of Samoa's population and for the Black Saturday killings in 1929. Urale's short film O Tamaiti won the prestigious Best Short Film at the Venice Film Festival in 1996. Samoa has two main islands (Savaii and Upolu) and several smaller islands and uninhabited islets. )", "Wartime administration capture of German Samoa", "History and migration: Who are the Samoans? The census conducted in New Zealand in 2006 recorded 95,428 speakers of the Samoan language. Samoan edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This short article can be made longer. The (koma liliu or okina) is used for the glottal stop. To prevent the loss of correct pronunciations, however, language preservation groups and the Samoan and Hawaiian governments, are taking measure to include diacritical markings in signage, television programs, school materials and printed media.[33][34]. 376). ; but when they follow a noun they are usually found in their simple form; as o le ie sina, white cloth; o le puaa uli, a black pig. To preserve the language, linguists must use diacritical marks. Every syllable ends in a vowel. It is closely related to other Polynesian languages with many shared cognate words such as alii, ava, atua, tapu and numerals as well as in the name of gods in mythology. "[80] The preamble to the constitution already described the country as "an independent State based on Christian principles and Samoan custom and traditions. There are two main islands, Upolu and Savai'i, and seven smaller islands. For example:- The girl went to the house. Naua has often the meaning of "too much"; ua tele naua, it is greater than is required. A phrase or clause can be made negative by the addition of a particle, a morpheme usually meaning 'not'. Administratively, the islands are split between the sovereign country of Samoa and the United States territory of American Samoa. This article is about the nation of Samoa. (1984). Some Samoans live a communal way of life, participating in activities collectively. The 1960 constitution, which formally came into force with independence from New Zealand in 1962, builds on the British pattern of parliamentary democracy, modified to take account of Samoan customs. There is a particle, faa=, that acts as a causative, as well being as the most common prefix in the Samoan language. The officers began to fire randomly into the crowd and used a Lewis machine gun, mounted in preparation for the demonstration, to disperse the demonstrators. UTC (standard time) in Samoa is UTC+13:00 and UTC+14:00 in summer. 480481) the only TAM particles that appear with leai are ua and e or te. The same thing is done in referring to a family; as Sa Muliaga, the family of Muliaga, the term Sa referring to a wide extended family of clan with a common ancestor. Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States quickly resolved to end the hostilities and divided the island chain at the Tripartite Convention of 1899, signed at Washington on 2 December 1899 with ratifications exchanged on 16 February 1900. This number is three times the population of American Samoa. Rugby league is mostly played by Samoans living in New Zealand and Australia. Samoa LINK#TT057 is home to two official languages: Samoan and English. [57], On 4 July 1997 the government amended the constitution to change the name of the country from Western Samoa to Samoa,[58] the name it had been called by in the United Nations since it joined. Thus, the missionaries introduced writing for the first time within Polynesia, were the first printers and established the first schools in villages.[24]. [18] As a specific, rather than a definite article, it is used for specific referents that the speaker has in mind (specificity), regardless of whether the listener is expected to know which specific referent(s) is/are intended (definiteness). Additionally, negative prenuclear particles will follow the preverbal pronoun or the TAM particle (Mosel & Hovdhaugen, 1992, pp. It contradicts the initial classification suggesting that Samoan and Tongic form a subgroup. The root for the inclusive pronoun may occur in the singular, in which case it indicates emotional involvement on the part of the speaker. It is also considered proper to use the "polite" language when praying. [22] The whalers came for fresh drinking water, firewood and provisions, and later, they recruited local men to serve as crewmen on their ships. Samoa is a Unitary parliamentary republic. Don't 2SG GENR torture LD thing=life(SP.PL). The simple form of the verb is sometimes used as a noun: tatalo, to pray; o le tatalo, a prayer; poto, to be wise; o le poto, wisdom. [41] Samoa suffered the most of all Pacific islands, with 90% of the population infected; 30% of adult men, 22% of adult women and 10% of children died. In addition, the integration of hip hop elements into Samoan tradition also "testifies to the transferability of the dance forms themselves," and to the "circuits through which people and all their embodied knowledge travel. Download as MP3. Part of it was due to the need to save time on the writing and typesetting and to use the markings as a guideline. What Language is Spoken in Samoa? | Samoa Tourism In 1989, his novel Flying Fox in a Freedom Tree was made into a feature film in New Zealand, directed by Martyn Sanderson. [45] Nelson was eventually exiled during the late 1920s and early 1930s, but he continued to assist the organisation financially and politically. The two main political families who confer the respective titles are 'Aiga S Fenunuivao and 'Aiga S Levlasi. In 1908, when the non-violent Mau a Pule resistance movement arose, Solf did not hesitate to banish the Mau leader Lauaki Namulau'ulu Mamoe to Saipan in the German Northern Mariana Islands.[34]. Alphabet and Pronunciation [ edit | edit source] Samoan Language Pronunciation Guide Pronouncing Written Samoan Samoan Alphabet [ edit | edit source] Often replaced by an apostrophe in modern publications, recognized by Samoan scholars and the wider community. The Saleaula lava fields situated on the central north coast of Savai'i result from the Mt Matavanu eruptions, which left 50km2 (19sqmi) of solidified lava.[87]. A sentence such as Ua tu mai le vaa, could thus, depending on context, be translated into English as "A canoe appears," when the listener or reader is not expected to know which canoe, or "The canoe appears," if the listener or reader is expected to know which canoe, such as when the canoe has previously been mentioned. [72], A measles outbreak began in October 2019. Samoan (Gagana faa Smoa or Gagana Smoa; IPA:[aana sama]) is a Polynesian language spoken by Samoans of the Samoan Islands. For the geographical region, see, Name change from Western Samoa to Samoa, Toggle Government and politics subsection, The Political Economy of Ancient Samoa: Basalt Adze Production and Linkages to Social Status (Winterhoff 2007), Mains, P. John; McCarty, Louis Philippe (1906). [27], 1 including the faipule district of Siumu Lei is usually only combined with the general TAM particle e or te. O lona sauga muamua , his first coming; mau" to mauga, O le mauga muamua, the first dwelling. This also had the effect of changing the shape of the International Date Line, moving it to the east of the territory. Items of great cultural value include the finely woven 'ie toga.[113][114]. Samoan forces loyal to Prince Tanu were besieged by a larger force of Samoan rebels loyal to Mata'afa Iosefo. 2 including islands Manono, Apolima and Nu'ulopa [67], In June 2017, Parliament amended Article 1 of the Samoan Constitution to make Christianity the state religion. Samoan to English Translation. Notable figures in Samoan history included the Tui Manu'a line, Queen Salamasina, King Fonoti and the four tama-a-aiga: Malietoa, Tupua Tamasese, Mata'afa, and Tuimalealiifano. 4 smaller parts also on Upolu (Salamumu, incl. [54][55], On 15 December 1976, Western Samoa was admitted to the United Nations as the 147th member state. Others are formed by prefixing faa to the noun; as o le tu faasmoa, Samoan custom or faamatai. Culture of Samoa - history, people, clothing, traditions, women The gender of some few plants is distinguished by tane and fafine, as in o le esi tane; o le esi fafine. This number is slightly smaller than the estimated population of the Island nation of Samoa which was 193,000 as of 2011. In addition, many Samoans have played for or are playing for New Zealand. Samoan Language Week was started in Australia for the first time in 2010.[11]. Samoa: Overview - The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Samoan and English are the official languages in Samoa. . So, what does it mean? It is to make roads, and gardens, and care for your trees, and sell their produce wisely, and, in one word, to occupy and use your country if you do not occupy and use your country, others will. There are exceptions though, with many words ending in a long vowel taking the accent on the ultima; as maelega, zealous; on, to be intoxicated; faigat, difficult. The terms Tl and Sene are translations of the English words, Schnee, Dr. Heinrich (former Deputy Governor of, This page was last edited on 20 June 2023, at 05:02. Prominent Samoan players include Pat Lam and Brian Lima. While independence was achieved at the beginning of January, Samoa annually celebrates 1 June as its independence day. To date, 63 measles related deaths have been recorded", "Samoa makes measles vaccinations compulsory after outbreak kills 32", "Samoan measles outbreak: 70 deaths projected and 6500 infected", "Historic training for Samoa Police on International Week of the Deaf", U.S. Bureau of International Labor Affairs, "Human Rights Measurement Initiative The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries", "KIE HINGOA 'NAMED MATS', 'IE TGA 'FINE MATS' AND OTHER TREASURED TEXTILES OF SAMOA AND TONGA", "NZ Feature Project: Flying Fox in a Freedom Tree The New Zealand Film Archive", "NZ Feature Project: Sons For the Return Home The New Zealand Film Archive", "Samoan history play 'Think of a Garden' to be staged, literally, in a garden", "Courtney Sina Meredith: writer bursting with talent honoured The University of Auckland", Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Commonwealth Secretariat Member Countries, Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue, African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States, Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samoa&oldid=1161028172, Countries and territories where English is an official language, Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, States and territories established in 1962, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Use New Zealand English from November 2021, All Wikipedia articles written in New Zealand English, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014, Articles with failed verification from February 2020, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Symbols SAT, ST or T are in use as well. At club level, there is the National Provincial Championship and Pacific Rugby Cup. Samoans' religious adherence includes the following: Christian Congregational Church of Samoa 31.8%, Roman Catholic 19.4%, Methodist 15.2%, Assembly of God 13.7%, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 7.6%, Seventh-day Adventist 3.9%, Worship Centre 1.7%, other Christian 5.5%, other 0.7%, none 0.1%, unspecified 0.1% (2011 estimate). Below is a list of examples from 4 other Malayo-Polynesian languages: Tongan, Hawaiian, Maanyan, Malay. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons", "Constitutional Amendment Passes; Samoa Officially Becomes 'Christian State', "Samoa set to appoint first female prime minister", "Pacific island swears in its first female PM in a tent after she is locked out of Parliament", "Tuimalealiifano reappointed as Samoa Head of State | PINA", "Tuimaleali'ifano reappointed Head of State for five more years", "Samoa: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices in 2006", "Homosexuality to remain illegal in Samoa, Solomon Islands and PNG", "New Zealand and Western Samoa: Treaty of Friendship", "Samoa: New Approval Guidelines for Arming Police Passed", "Demographic YearbookTable 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density", "GSA Press Release GEOLOGY/GSA Today Media Highlights", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "Samoa making progress on renewable energy goal", "FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture - Country Profile", "Australia - Oceania:: Samoa The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency (July 2018 est. // becomes [] in some instances (e.g. The gagana faaaloalo (polite speech) register is used by lower-ranking people to address people of higher status, such as their family matai chief, government officials, or clergy. The superlative is formed by the addition of an adverb, such as matu, tasi, sili, silisiliese aiai, nau; as ua lelei tasi, it alone is good that is, nothing equals it. Other noteworthy players from NZ and Australia have represented the Samoan National team. [78], In June 2017, an Act was passed changing the country's constitution to include a reference to the Trinity. Religions Christian 99.7% (50% associated with London Missionary Society), other 0.3%. Samoan ( Gagana faa Smoa or Gagana Smoa; IPA: [aana sama]) is a Polynesian language spoken by Samoans of the Samoan Islands. Language: Samoan (official) 91.1%, Samoan/English 6.7%, English (official) 0.5%, other 0.2%, unspecified 1.6% (2006) [117], Albert Wendt is a significant Samoan writer whose novels and stories tell the Samoan experience. The governing noun decides which should be used; thus O le poto o le tufuga fai fale, "the wisdom of the builder"; O le amio a le tama, "the conduct of the boy"; upu o fgogo, "words of fgogo" (a form of narrated and sung storytelling); but upu a tagata, "words of men". 483). Languages. Aua foi, {o le a} le o Niu Sila, le o le Kolisi o Samoa a o le ta=mea ma le auli Because also, FUT not PRES New Zealand not PRES ART college POSS Samoa but PRES ART beat=thing and ART ironing, 'There will be no New Zealand, no Samoan college [for me to go to if I do not pass the exam], but [only] washing and ironing [at home].'. 482). Her first book of poetry Wild Dogs Under My Skirt was published by Victoria University Press in 2004. It is widely spoken across the Pacific region, heavily so in New Zealand and also in Australia and the United States. The sign of the nominative o, the prepositions o, a, i, e, and the euphonic particles i and te, are unaccented; as O maua, ma te o atu ia te oe, we two will go to you. Names of natural objects, such as men, trees and animals, are mostly primitive nouns, e.g.O le la, the sun; o le tagata, the person; o le talo, the taro; o le ia, the fish; also manufactured articles, such as matau, an axe, vaa, canoe, tao, spear, fale, house, etc.[18]. Though it is not the primary language of a number of nations outside of Samoa, there is an effort by the descendants of Samoans to learn the native language of their ancestors and to better understand their origins and history. n is pronounced ng fono ("meeting", "assembly") is pronounced fongo; ono (the numeral "six") is pronounced ongo; mona ("satisfied", "full") is pronounced monga. Other legends include the well known story of Sina and the Eel which explains the origins of the first coconut tree. Including second-language speakers, there are more speakers of Samoan than English in Samoa. Download as Ogg. Fiam Mataafa Faumuina Mulinuu II, one of the four highest-ranking paramount chiefs in the country, became Samoa's first Prime Minister. Forty-nine are matai title-holders elected from territorial districts by Samoans; the other two are chosen by non-Samoans with no chiefly affiliation on separate electoral rolls. The combination of u followed by a vowel in some words creates the sound of the English w, a letter not part of the Samoan alphabet, as in uaua (artery, tendon). Samoan - Language Hobo . Cultural customs such as the Samoa 'ava ceremony are significant and solemn rituals at important occasions including the bestowal of matai chiefly titles. In the following examples from Mosel & Hovdhaugen (1992, pp. Samoa - Independent State of Samoa - Country Profile - Malotuto'atasi o 3 including the Aleipata Islands and Nu'usafe'e Island Samoan language is the official language practiced all throughout the Samoan Islands that include Eastern and Western Samoa, alike. [60][61], On 7 September 2009, the government changed the rule of the road from right to left, in common with most other Commonwealth countries - most notably countries in the region such as Australia and New Zealand, home to large numbers of Samoans. A negative particle may mark a negative verbal clause, as seen in the example below (from Mosel & Hovdhaugen, 1992, pp. [25] The additional letters h, k, r are used in foreign loanwords, apart from the single interjection puke(ta)! The Electric Power Corporation set a goal of 100% renewable energy by 2021. Savai'i is the largest of the Samoan islands and the sixth-largest Polynesian island (after New Zealand's North, South and Stewart Islands and the Hawaiian islands of Hawaii and Maui). It has notable similarities with other Polynesian languages with which it shares related words and numbers. . In addition, Samoan possesses a series of diminutive articles. [94] Oral tradition holds that the Samoan archipelago was created by the god Tagaloa at the beginning of history. [20] These four titles form the apex of the Samoan matai system as it stands today. [63], At the end of December 2011, Samoa changed its time zone offset from UTC11 to UTC+13, effectively jumping forward by one day, omitting Friday, 30 December from the local calendar. Comparison is generally effected by using two adjectives, both in the positive state; thus e lelei lenei, a e leaga lena, this is good but that is bad, not in itself, but in comparison with the other; e umi lenei, a e puupuu lena, this is long, that is short. Welcome to Samoa | Pacific Island Holiday | Official Guide These negative imperative verbs can be used independently of negative particles; as the negation is in the verb itself, an extra particle is not required. For example: "tolu lau" three fishes. The consonant system of colloquial Samoan ("casual Samoan", or "tautala leaga" as it is known) is slightly different from the literary language ("proper Samoan", or "tautala lelei"), and is referred to as K speech or K style. However, a negative particle (lei) has been used in the second clause, modifying the verbal clause to create the phrase "the roads did NOT reach there", with the emphasis on the absence of the roads in that area. From the end of World War I until 1962, New Zealand controlled Western Samoa as a Class C Mandate under trusteeship through the League of Nations,[32][37] then through the United Nations. It is a Polynesian language that's somewhat similar to Tahitian, Tongan, and Cook Islands Maori, but with some important differences.