To honor its late long-time treasurer and charter member, the OSA board decides to establish the Adolph Lomb Medal, to be awarded every two years to a person under the age of 30 who has made a noteworthy contribution to optics. The strange tale of the Norden bombsight - TED Photo: Columbia University, location of the society's first meeting. A new committee of 14 OSA members is tasked with bringing the society's out-of-print report on color up to date. Jackson, US Army Signal Corps / Wikimedia Commons. Roosevelt would be re-elected a record three times and would dominate U.S. politics for the next decade. or Best Offer. This annual award recognizes an employee who has made significant contributions to the Society. The following year, Time magazine names it one of the 50 coolest Web sites of the year. After the departure of John Thorner, Elizabeth A. Rogan, who has previously served for nearly a decade as OSA's deputy executive director and chief operating officer, is appointed executive director on an interim basis. The LIGO and Virgo collaborations announce the detection of a forth binary black hole merger. Gordon Gould receives a patent for optical pumping. Photo: Albert Einstein, official 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics photograph. For the first time, scientists use a laser to transmit data to the moon, when the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter receives an image of da Vinci's Mona Lisa sent from Earth. The TriDAR 3D navigation system is the box visible just above the docking interface. In a landmark paper in Physical Review Letters, Willis Lamb of Columbia University and his grad student Robert Retherford report on measurements of a tiny shift in hydrogen atoms from theoretically expected levels, which come to be known as the Lamb shift. The gauge would have to pop up the popup window when selecting the down view. Photo: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) image of a sarcoma. The conference, in Los Angeles, CA, USA, included an en route Board meeting that took place in the observation car of the Golden State Limited. Frits Zernike receives the Physics prize for the methodwhich would go on to revolutionize biological imaging and particularly studies of the living cellsome 20 years after he initially discovered it. Photo Credit: (Courtesy of University of Rochester, Rare Books and Special Collections). It was, historians say, a 10-pack of Wrigley's chewing gum. The technique, known as quality- or Q-switching, brings lasers into the arena of industrial applications, such as welding, requiring high peak powers. Starting on seed money from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the society will subsequently continue to publish the translated journaloften at a financial lossfor decades. The popular governor of the state of New York scores a landslide win over predecessor Herbert Hoover, on a promise of a "New Deal" for America. Photo: OSA 2017 President Eric Mazur and France Cordova. Norden Bombsight | World War II Wiki | Fandom The Biggest Lie of WWII? The Myth of the Norden Bombsight Photo: A 3-dimensional image taken via the CLARITY technique showing a 1 millimeter slice of mouse Hippocampus. OSA's Board moves forward with plans to publish a translated edition of a Russian language journal (translated title Optics and Spectroscopy, with the first publication to appear in 1959. The existence of the Vitamin K group was discovered by Henrik Dam while studying cholesterol metabolism in chicks. The May issue of OPN announces the winners of the first Joseph W. Goodman Book Writing Award, presented jointly by OSA and SPIE to recognize outstanding books in optics and photonics. Photo: This illustration shows the possible surface of TRAPPIST-1f, one of the newly discovered planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system. The site would also be used by the US Air Froce during the Korean and Vietnam wars to help drop bombs accurately. During 2004, submissions to the journal balloon by 175%, and articles published nearly double. Google receives a patent for a contact lens that senses blood glucose levels and transmits them to a display device. Supported by corporate sponsors and the OSA Foundation, the first session of a biennial summer session on laser science honoring one of OSA's most beloved presidents, the late Tony Siegman, takes place at his home campus, Stanford University, USA. Photo: Eastern tube in the Gotthard Base Tunnel at the Amsteg construction site. In early December 1941, Betty Jean Jennings was a . when he made crucial and extremely difficult measurements showing that pure silica had extremely low loss . The advance helps improve fabrication of subwavelength optical elements as well as single-molecule devices. It was such a closely guarded piece of technology that bombardiers had to swear an oath to protect the secrets of the device by destroying it before letting it fall into enemy hands, even at the cost of their own lives. Photo: Benito Mussolini giving a speech in 1929. Dr. Tim Moore explains how a Norden Bombsight works during the 8th Air Force Historical Society Reunion visit to the National Museum of the Mighty Eighth Air. The initial meeting attracts 15 students. By the time of the 1940 meeting, OSA's membership had grown to more than 650 persons. The inaugural March for Science was a series of rallies and marches held in Washington, D.C., and more than 600 other cities across the world on Earth Day, April 22, 2017. The satellite laid the foundation for modern GPS systems. Not to scale.). In all, the space agency launched 135 shuttle missions. OSA's key applied-science journal splits into three sections: Optical Technology (renamed Optical Technology and Biomedical Optics in 1995), Lasers & Photonics (renamed Lasers, Photonics and Environmental Optics in 1992), and Information Processing. In an article in Physical Review, Nicolas Bloembergen of Harvard University proposes a new maser design using solid-state materials in a multiple-energy-level system. Highly classified, it gave American forces bombing accuracy unmatched by any other nation at the time. Kodak follows a year later with the Fling, based on a 110 film cartridge. In the United States, the Optical Society, the Physical Society, and the Acoustical Society come together to found an umbrella society for physics, the American Institute of Physics. Photo: Holography pioneers Emmett Leith (left) and Juris Upatnieks in 1965. Photo: Stereolithography parts assembled, a cycloidal drive. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017 was divided, one half awarded to Rainer Weiss, the other half jointly to Barry C. Barish and Kip S. Thorne "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves". Emeritus Membership was offered to individuals who had been members for at least 20 years upon reaching the age of 65. By the publication of its 1965 directory, OSA's membership includes 328 individuals from 38 countries outside of North Americaa tenfold increase from pre-World War II levels. If you are not already logged into your free Slack account, you will be asked to create one. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute. A symposium at OSA's 49th annual meeting reviews the status of a program established by the society a year earlier to stimulate research and education in opticsand to mark a newly energized commitment to education and outreach that would characterize the society for the rest of its first hundred years. The Norden bombsight was truly a computer. They would publish their findings two years later, in October 1954. He received a patent for the technique in 1986. Quinn's 24-year tenure will ultimately bring a range of changes to the society, including the relocation of its global headquarters in Washington, DC, USA, and a significant reconfiguring of its publishing program. A pack of Wrigley's chewing gum is the first product read by a barcode scanner in a grocery store. The International Year of Light and Light-Based Technologies, in which OSA is a founding scientific partner, kicks off with a gala opening ceremony in Paris, the City of Light., Photo: IYL Opening Ceremony, Paris, France. OSA publishes the first issue of a new online open-access journal, specifically devoted to the rapid publication of high-impact papers in optics and photonics. In settings controls you assign the hotkey to a shortcut. The devices are so named because their rounded keys resemble the seeds of blackberry fruit. Photo Credit: Nortel/Emilio Segre Visual Archives, Hecht Collection. The worst spill ever at the time, the incident kills an estimated 250,000 seabirds, 2,800 otters and 300 harbor seals. The Norden bombsight made the necessary adjustments to correct for cross trail. The laser revolution has begun. Photo: 2006 President Eric Van Stryland at OSA's 90th Anniversary Celebration during FiO 2006. norden bombsight for sale | eBay Photo: Logo for the International Geophysical Year. She would also become President of the European Council and only the second woman to chair the G8. The touchdown marks the beginning of a two-year study of the planet to determine if it could have sustained microbial life. Benazir Bhutto becomes the first woman to lead the government of a predominately Islamic state. How Accurate Was Our Top Secret WWII Norden Bombsight? The initial plan forecast a printing cost of "about USD 150 per month per issue of 500 copies," and a subscription price of USD 5 per year. Vintage Original WW2 NOS Lukas Harold Norden Bombsight Gyro Rare. Photo: French soldiers of the 87th Regiment, 6th Division, at Cte 304, (Hill 304), northwest of Verdun, 1916. Photo: Restored scene from Dr. Barnard's first human heart transplantation. North America was treated to an eclipse of the sun on 21 August 2017. Alan Turing's intellectual construct, which he dubbed an "a-machine" (for "automatic machine"), makes its first appearance in the paper "On Computable Numbers," published in Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. After several years of experimentation in his apartment kitchen and a rented room in Astoria, Queens, NY, USA, Chester Carlson, along with assistant Otto Kornei, created the first copy executed using electrophotography later rechristened xerography. Several of Optica's awards and honors are accepting nominations. The IONS program will expand into a student-led initiative including hundreds of participants and multiple meetings worldwide each year. Susumu Tachi, Masahiko Inami and Naoki Kawakami at the University of Tokyo develop a retro-reflective material coated with tiny reflective beads that allows a wearer to blend into surroundings. John Bowers and Mario Paniccia of Intel announce demonstration of the first electrically powered hybrid silicon laser using standard silicon manufacturing processes. At its meeting at OSA's annual Leadership Conference, the OSA Board establishes the Nick Holonyak Jr. Award, to recognize significant contributions to optics based on semiconductor materials. Photo: First cover Optics & Photonics News. YouTube has 65 employees and one of the largest followings on the Internet. Photo: Artist concept of NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. Photo Credit: Wikimedia Commons / University of Rochester Public Relations / Elizabeth Lamark. Jack Dorsey, Evan Williams, Biz Stone and Noah Glass launch Twitter, a social-networking platform in which users communicate via 140-character "tweets.". A team at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center in New York, NY, USA, reports the first clinical use of a laser, to destroy an abnormal growth of retinal blood vessels in a patient. Twelve papers were presented in the first meeting. Photo: On June 26, 1974, the first product with the Universal Product Code barcode was scanned at a checkout counter. Adolph Hitler leads Nazi followers in the failed "Beer Hall Putsch," landing Hitler in jail. Photo: Hubble Deep Field (full mosaic) released by NASA on January 15, 1996. This proved to be true for Norden and his bombsight. Groups at Bell Labs and the Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute produce the first continuous-wave, room-temperature semiconductor lasers, paving the way for commercialization of fiber communications and a wide variety of other applications. Benard and R.R. Photo Credit: Wikipedia / Han-Kwang, AMOLF Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Color and astronomical optics were other key foci of the meeting. The amount of light transmitted by the fiber changes with the bending. de Klerk releases activist Nelson Mandela from prison. Photo: This chart shows, on the top row, artist concepts of the seven planets of TRAPPIST-1 with their orbital periods, distances from their star, radii and masses as compared to those of Earth. Charles Townes pictured. A new OSA award in the laser pioneer's name is established for outstanding work in the field of quantum electronics. The first two recipients: James Gordon and Herbert Zeiger, Townes collaborators on the first maser. Connect with an unparalleled global network of leading optics and photonics professionals. Photo: Don Juan is a 1926 film inspired by Lord Byron's 1821 epic poem, Photo Credit: Wikimedia Commons / Warner Borthers. Photo: Map showing origins of members in 1938. XV, known as the Norden M series in U.S. Army service, is a bombsight that was used by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) and the United States Navy during World War II, and the United States Air Force in the Korean and the Vietnam Wars. The Norden Bombsight was kept a secret simply for the same reason why any "state of the art" military developement is kept a secret more or less, especially during war-time. Membership in the society by the time of the meeting had reached roughly 200 persons. Glen Beck (background) and Betty Snyder (foreground) program the ENIAC in building 328 at the Ballistic Research Lab, Photo Credit: U.S. Army/ Wikimedia Commons. Shortly before the society's 60th birthday, its membership tops 6,500. Photo: Semiconductor lasers (660 nm, 635 nm, 532 nm, 520 nm, 445 nm, 405 nm). The final shuttle carries TriDAR, a 3D dual-sensing laser camera that provides guidance information for rendezvous and docking in orbit. Norden Bombsight that was made for the Navy in August of 1944 by Carl L. Norden Inc. and which is now on display in our museum. Plymouth Plant - Burroughs Adding Machine Company Photo: The SDS Sigma-7 and its accompanying Interface Message Processor formed the first node on the ARPANET. The following year, the first CLEO/Pacific Rim will be held in Chiba, Japan. Murnane is the first woman to receive this Medal in its nearly 90-year history. Photo: Co-localization microscopy with GFP and RFP fusion proteins (nucleus of a bone cancer cell) 120.000 localized molecules in a widefield area(470 m2). Photo Credit: By ENERGY.GOV (HD.6B.015) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons. Ashkin was awarded 1/2 the Nobel Prize in Prize in Physics "for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems.". The Norden Bombsight | World War 2 Facts John T. Scopes, a Tennessee, USA, high school teacher, is tried for teaching evolution in violation of a state law. OSA moves into the new communications vehicle, the World Wide Web, and ups its game in electronic communications with its OpticsNet web site; its initial e-newsletters OSA Contents and OSA Early Notice, also appearing in 1994; and its first CD-ROM, delivered in 1995 and including the entire 1994 volume of Optics Letters as well as the Optics Index. Nicolaas Nico Bloembergen, Nobel Laureate and OSA Honorary Member, passed away on 5 September 2017 at the age of 97. Warga immediately sets to work setting up a permanent society headquarters in Washington, DC,USA, and working to build a governance structure that can keep up with the society's growth. A proposed amendment to the constitution of the Rochester Association for the Advancement of Applied Optics includes a resolution that "The name of the Rochester society shall be the Optical Society of America, Rochester Section.". The bits were as small as 60 nm. In Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen report on the creation of functional DNA plasmids that combined and replicated genetic information from different species. Developed by Roger Easton, the NTS-2 relied on a passive ranging technique and atomic clocks. The Concorde makes its last commercial flight, traveling from New York to London. OSA Honorary Member Dennis Gabor is given the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of holography. Citizens demolish sections of the cement curtain between East and West Germany. Photo: Charles Kao in an optics laboratory at Standard Telecommunications Laboratories circa 1968, when he made crucial and extremely difficult measurements showing that pure silica had extremely low loss. Anthony M. Johnson, a leader in ultrafast optics and an active OSA volunteer, takes the reins as OSA President for a one-year term. The system worked along similar tachometric principles as the more famous Norden bombsight, but was somewhat simpler, lacking the Norden's autopilot feature. Over the next 34 years, the program will grow to encompass more than 350 chapters distributed worldwide. The United States launches TIROS 1, the first weather satellite, on 1 April, and Echo 1, the first communications satellite, on 13 May. Photo Credit: The Simulating eXtreme Spacetimes project / www.black-holes.org. A tireless charter member, JOSA editor, and an early booster of the American Association of Physics Teachers as well as the author of the very first paper in the very first issue of JOSA Richtmyer died unexpectedly at the age of 58. The enigma of the Norden Bombsight - Maxwell Air Force Base NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope has revealed the first known system of seven Earth-size planets around a single star. Photo: Artist's concept of PSR B1257+12 system. The result is the Journal of Optical Communications and Networking (JOCN), which launches in June 2009. In flight a stable platform in the bombsight was leveled by the bombardier by observing two bubble levels, one leveling in . Photo: Charles Townes and the First Maser. They determine that the laser makes precision cuts that may be useful for surgery. The Detroit, Michigan, USA, local section is recognized later in the year, followed by six others between 1947 and 1952. Photo Credit: Courtesy John W. Thomlinson, Princeton, NJ. The California-based company used a booster, which had been previously launched 11 month prior, to carry a telecommunication satellite into orbit, before successfully landing it on a ship in the Atlantic Ocean. Photo: The NASDAQ Composite intex spiked in the late 1990s and then fell sharply as a result of the dot-com bubble. Photo Credit: National Institute of Standards and Technology. Photo: Erbium-doped fiber with green light. Ira Flatow, the host of public radio's popular Science Friday program, is the first speaker in a yearlong series highlighting optics as an enabling technology for the future. It has a synchronized musical score and sound effects, but no spoken dialogue. The Mark XI (or Mark 11) advanced aerial bombing to a semi-scientific level, substantially reducing the element of luck involved in bomb runs and making it feasible for bombers to occasionally score a direct hit on a warship or other target from 5,000 feet. The Romanian physicist Theodor V. Ionescu patents an early form of 3-D imaging for movies and television. The first thermonuclear test by the Soviet Union will be reported less than a year later. For the first time since its founding, the society experiences a drop in membership, attributable to the economic malaise of the 1930s. Rather than a beam of light, the atom laser's output is a beam of atoms. Through crosshairs made of spider's webbing, the Norden bombsight determined, with precision, the exact moment bombs were to be released to reach their target. This work serves as the first of many sources for long-wavelength lightwave systems. The minutes of the Executive Council of the Rochester Association of Applied Optics note that "various plans relating to the preliminary work of the organization of a national society were discussed.". The ultrahigh resolution technology could revolutionize the fields of optical imaging, lithography and high density data storage. The Norden bombsight was a tachymetric bombsight used by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) and the United States Navy during World War II, and the United States Air Force in the Korean and the Vietnam Wars to aid the crew of bomber aircraft in dropping bombs accurately. Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Steven Chu and William Phillips receive the Nobel Prize in Physics for methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. Photo: Council of Four at the WWI Paris peace conference, May 27, 1919. OSA establishes the Esther Hoffman Beller Medal to acknowledge contributions to education in optical science and engineering. Photo: A U-2 aircraft similar to the one shot down. Motorola's Martin Cooper makes the first handheld mobile phone call in New York, NY, USA. Photo: Countries most affected by the tsunami, with the earthquake's epicenter. "The air force's $1.5 billion bombsight was used to drop its $3 billion bomb, which . There were so accurate and so reliable that the military used them into the Vietnam War when "smart" weapons replaced the need for manual sighting and aiming. Hermann Kellner, who had worked as an optical scientist with Bausch & Lomb and, later, in the motion picture industry, edited the journal in its first three years (1917-1919), before passing the reins to Paul Foote in 1920. The work would win the Nobel Prize nearly four decades later. Photo: Speakers at the inaugruation of the European XFEL cut the ribbon in front of the hutches for the SPB/SFX and FXE instruments, officially opening the facility. A NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite launches aboard an Atlas E/F rocket from Vandenburg Air Force Base, CA, USA. A team at Bell Labsincluding William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain, who would go on to share the Nobel Prize for the discoverysucceeds in creating the first point-contact transistor.